EXPERT PANEL ON EFFECTIVE WAYS OF INVESTING IN HEALTH (EXPH) Disruptive Innovation - Considerations for health and health care in Europe

.......................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 7 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................................................................... 11 2. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 13 3. OPINION ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.1. THE CONCEPT OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION ................................................... 17 3.1.1. INNOVATION ....................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1.1. Concept of innovation ....................................................................................... 17 3.1.1.2. Types of innovation ........................................................................................... 17 3.1.2. CHRISTENSEN CONCEPT OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION ............................. 20 3.1.3. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IN HEALTH CARE .................................................. 22 3.1.3.1. The applicability of disruptive innovation to health care ................................... 22 3.1.3.2. EXPH concept of disruptive innovation in health care ...................................... 23 3.1.3.3. Elements that characterise disruptive innovation ............................................. 24 3.2. TAXONOMY OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION ........................................................ 27 3.2.1. DIFFERENT OPTIONS TO CLASSIFY DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS ............... 27 3.2.2. THE FIELD OF APPLICATION ............................................................................ 27 3.2.3. EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING THE TAXONOMY ................................................. 28 3.3. STRATEGIC AREAS FOR DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION ......................................... 31 3.3.1. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH .................... 31 3.3.2. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE....................... 32 3.3.3. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION AND PRECISION MEDICINE................................. 34 3.3.4. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION AND HEALTH AND CARE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.5. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION.................................. 41 3.4. IMPLEMENTING DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION ........................................................ 45 3.4.1. FACTORS THAT TRIGGER DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS IN HEALTH SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................................... 45 3.4.2. BARRIERS TO DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION ...................... 46 3.4.3. ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION .......................... 49 3.4.4. POLICY ISSUES .................................................................................................. 50 Disruptive Innovation – Final opinion 6 3.5. CASE STUDIES ....................................................................................................... 55 3.5.1. NEW AND MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR HCV .................................... 55 3.5.2. COMMUNITY-BASED MENTAL HEALTH ........................................................... 56 3.5.3. POPULATION BASED ACCOUNTABLE ORGANISATIONS .............................. 57 3.5.4. ANTI-ULCER DRUGS .......................................................................................... 58 3.5.5. DIABETIC PATIENT SELF-MANAGEMENT ........................................................ 59 3.5.6. MINIMAL INVASIVE SURGERY .......................................................................... 60 3.5.7. PATIENT-CENTRED CARE ................................................................................. 61 3.5.8. THE SWEDISH REHABILITATION GUARANTEE .............................................. 62 3.6. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 63 4. PUBLIC CONSULTATION .......................................................................................... 67 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ 69 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 71 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................ 83 ANNEX 1. TAXONOMIC TREE OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS .................................... 89 ANNEX 2. DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION: DATA-MINING PROCESS ................................. 95 Disruptive Innovation – Final opinion